经济脱钩对于亚洲贸易发展的影响

经济概览

  • 中国,
  • 印度,
  • 印尼,
  • 马来西亚,
  • 菲律宾,
  • 韩国,
  • 泰国,
  • 越南
  • 一般经济

2020年12月09日

大多数亚洲经济体已经启动经济恢复进程,然而,各经济体的逐步脱钩、供应链发生的变化以及各种自由贸易倡议对于亚洲的对外贸易发展也会带来影响。

要点

  • 大多数亚洲国家/地区都已经开始了经济恢复进程,潜在增长势头最为强劲的当属越南和中国。印度的起点最弱。
  • 相比区域内其他国家/地区,泰国、马来西亚和中国采取更多财政刺激计划支持自身经济发展。然而,中国政府将减少刺激的力度,以避免进一步抬高宏观经济杠杆。
  • 从新的五年计划来看,中国相比从前将更加注重通过消费引领国内增长,并降低对于出口的依赖。尽管“双循环”策略也包括外部支柱产业,但中国的目标是减少对于外国技术的依赖,并做好准备以应对外部冲击,这将加剧各经济体脱钩的国际趋势。
  • 美国新一届政府上台后将维持强硬的对华政策,但这种政策将更加容易预测,且对抗性将会减弱。通过与欧盟、日本和其他盟友合作,拜登政府避免延续特朗普政府的对抗态度,极大可能说服中国在贸易、竞争和其他相关领域做出改变。
  • 由于中国的薪资成本上涨以及贸易政策出现变化,区域供应链正在不断变化中。新冠疫情也将有可能加速这一过程,因为仅仅依赖于一个国家/地区必然会导致问题出现。由于相对来说具备吸引力,越南、马来西亚和新加坡在不同行业显示出了最佳优势。
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