中国行业趋势报告: 金属和钢铁 2022

市场监测

  • 中国
  • 金属,
  • 钢铁

2022年09月05日

封锁及房地产行业困境抑制行业的发展

 

 

中国金属和钢铁 – 信用风险评估

 

 

受疫情相关的地方封锁措施影响,中国的金属和钢铁需求依然低迷,房地产行业持续存在的问题也影响了建筑活动。继 2021 年下跌 4.7% 后,钢铁需求预计将在 2022 年下降 0.7% 至 9.47 亿吨。根据中国国家统计局 (NBS) 的数据,在 2022 年 1 月至 5 月期间,房地产投资同比下滑 4%。货币宽松政策和放开房地产行业融资限制等措施能够发挥缓冲作用,但无法扭转建筑活动以及相关金属和钢铁需求的下跌趋势。

 

 

中国金属和钢铁产量

 

 

由于汽车行业经历几次封锁后实现反弹,并且汽车销售得到相关政府计划的支持,汽车行业的金属和钢铁需求开始再次增长。然而,在当前的经济环境下,这一需求激增并不稳定,无法弥补建筑业下滑所带来的损失。

虽然已采取一定的措施,但钢铁行业仍存在产能过剩问题。自2016 年以来,约 700 家小型钢铁厂关停,1.4 亿吨钢铁产能被认为不达标。另有大型企业的 1.5 亿吨低效产能也遭到取缔。然而,钢铁产量依然不断攀升,导致供过于求。

成本的上升以及钢铁价格的下跌侵蚀了许多企业的利润率。根据国家统计局的数据,在 2022 年上半年,金属行业的利润同比下滑34%,其中钢铁细分市场的利润下降 69%。政府正在推动钢铁厂实现低碳设备和工艺转型,这进一步增加了流动性和利润率压力。

中国金属和钢铁行业的付款期限为 60 天至 120 天,而且在过去两年内的付款行为一直表现不佳。由于需求低迷,加上建筑等下游行业延迟付款,拖延付款的数量很多。金属和钢铁企业的杠杆率往往很高,银行不愿提供贷款。2022 年,拒付和业务数量的两位数增长不容小觑。此外还有产能过剩、产品结构失衡、利润率侵蚀和高杠杆率等问题,我们将该行业的信用风险状况评估为“黯淡”。

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