波兰行业趋势报告: 金属和钢铁 2022

市场监测

  • 波兰
  • 金属,
  • 钢铁

2022年09月05日

企业具备财务弹性,但下行风险若隐若现

 

 

 

 

波兰金属和钢铁 – 信用风险评估

 

 

 

 

在 2021 年和 2022 年 1 月至 4 月,金属和钢铁行业产销量实现强劲增长,售价上涨,利润处于历史高位。原因在于疫情高峰期结束后,需求积压,随后俄罗斯入侵乌克兰,造成购买量急剧上升。但自那以后,金属和钢铁需求放缓,因为许多客户库存较高,订单减少,汽车和住宅建筑领域尤其如此。因此,企业更难在未来数月转嫁升高的投入成本,导致利润率下滑。自 5 月以来的钢材价格下跌将迫使经销商以低于采购费率的价格出售库存。

 

 

 

 

波兰金属和钢铁产量

 

 

 

 

该行业的平均付款期限为 60 天,在过去 18 个月内,由于需求高而供应有限,客户必须迅速付款,因此付款表现优秀。虽然在过去12 个月内,延迟付款和资不抵债数量极少,但我们预计,随着需求萎缩、金属和钢铁价格下跌以及财政支持计划到期,这一数量将会增加。不过,我们预计信用风险不会严重恶化,因为该行业的许多企业近两年实现了强劲增长和高额利润,财务弹性良好。此外,虽然俄罗斯在 4 月停止了对波兰的天然气供应,但天然气的充足供应似乎也并未构成问题。综合考虑当前的优势(企业财务状况)和劣势(需求下滑、能源价格高企),我们对所有主要子行业保持中性的承销立场。

尽管如此,下行风险依然存在,可能导致资不抵债数量高于目前预期。其中一个风险是主要客户细分市场(即德国买家)的严重衰退。另一个风险可能是波兰央行为抑制通胀而大幅收紧货币政策。

第三个潜在阻碍是由于欧盟委员会和波兰政府之间就法治问题发生了纠纷,欧盟复苏基金延迟付款。这将影响波兰市场中最大的钢铁买家——经济复苏和基础设施建设行业。

 

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